Kuiji's Reinterpretation of Amitabha's Physicality: Implications for Yogācāra and Pure Land

This paper examines Kuiji's (632–682) reinterpretation of Amitabha Buddha within Yogācāra Buddhism, exploring its implications for Pure Land thought. Kuiji, a seminal figure in the Faxiang School, diverges from traditional views by conceptualizing Amitabha as sambhogakāya, accessible only through advanced meditative states. Utilizing a comparative textual analysis of Kuiji's "Forest of Meaning of the Three Bodies" and relevant Yogācāra and Pure Land texts, this study contrasts Kuiji's approach with mainstream Pure Land interpretations, particularly regarding the manifestation and accessibility of Amitabha Buddha. The paper aims to assess how Kuiji's unique perspective enriches understanding of Yogācāra and Pure Land traditions, offering a fresh lens on Mahāyāna Buddhist soteriology and cosmology. By bridging doctrinal gaps and challenging conventional narratives, this research contributes to broader discussions in contemporary Buddhist studies, highlighting Kuiji's role in shaping the philosophical landscape of East Asian Buddhism.