Examining the Nexus of Anti-Muslim Discrimination and Information Manipulation, and its Ramifications on Humanitarian Relief and Development Aid.

This paper explores the escalating phenomenon of information manipulation campaigns targeting Muslim-led humanitarian relief and development aid International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) based in the United States. Against a backdrop of geopolitical instability and evolving conflicts, it investigates the perpetrators, methods, and repercussions of such attacks. Through a series of research questions, it delves into the actors behind the manipulation, their arguments, dissemination channels, and funding sources. By bridging gaps in existing literature, it aims to shed light on the tactics used to disrupt INGO operations and impede their information-sharing functions. Ultimately, this research contributes to understanding the dynamics of a particular slice of the "Islamophobia industry" and highlights the detrimental effects of information manipulation on humanitarian efforts, policymaking, and financial access for US-based Muslim-led humanitarian relief INGOs, underscoring the urgent need for countermeasures to safeguard humanitarian work.